Facial Expression Study

From EuroVR Knowledge Base

Description

Observation of facial expression can be used to study the emotional components of presence (Huang et al., 1999). Facial expression can either be scored by human observers, or automatically recognised. There are several methods to aid manual scoring; the most generally used are the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) and the Maximally Discriminative Affect Coding System (MAX) (Ekman, 1985).

Primary Reference or Source

• Huang, M., & Alessi, N. (1999). Presence as an emotional experience. In J. D Westwood, H. M. Hoffman, R. A. Robb, & D. Stredney, (Eds). Medicine meets virtual reality: The convergence of physical and informational technologies options for a new era in healthcare. Amsterdam: IOS Press.